Gonzales v. COMELEC

Gonzales v. COMELEC

G.R. No. L-28196 November 9, 1967

Concepcion, C.J.

Held:

                The title of a de facto officer cannot be assailed collaterally. It may not be contested except directly, by quo warranto proceedings. Neither may the validity of his acts be questioned upon the ground that he is merely a de facto officer. And the reasons are obvious: (1) it would be an indirect inquiry into the title to the office; and (2) the acts of a de facto officer, if within the competence of his office, are valid, insofar as the public is concerned.